Amsterdam Airport Schiphol
Amsterdam Airport Schiphol
Amsterdam Airport Schiphol (IATA:
AMS, ICAO: EHAM), known informally as Schiphol Airport (Dutch: Luchthaven
Schiphol, is the main international airport of the Netherlands. It is located 9
kilometres (5.6 miles) southwest of Amsterdam, in the municipality of
Haarlemmermeer, North Holland. It is the third-busiest airport in Europe in
terms of passenger volume. The airport is built as a single-terminal concept:
one large terminal split into three large departure halls.
Schiphol is the hub for KLM and
its regional affiliate KLM Cityhopper as well as for Corendon Dutch Airlines,
Martinair, Transavia and TUI fly Netherlands. The airport also serves as a base
for EasyJet, LEVEL, and Vueling.
Schiphol opened on 16 September
1916 as a military airbase. The end of the First World War also saw the
beginning of civilian use of Schiphol Airport and the airport eventually lost
its military role completely. By 1940, Schiphol had four asphalt runways at
45-degree angles. The airport was captured by the German military that same
year and renamed Fliegerhorst Schiphol. The airport was destroyed through
bombing but at the end of the war the airfield was restored quickly. In 1949,
it was decided that Schiphol was to become the primary airport of the
Netherlands.
Description
Schiphol Airport is an important
European airport, ranking as Europe's third busiest and the world's eleventh
busiest by total passenger traffic in 2017 (12th in 2016, 14th in 2015, 2014
and 2013 and 16th in 2012). It also ranks as the world's fifth busiest by
international passenger traffic and the world's sixteenth busiest for cargo
tonnage. 63,625,664 passengers passed through the airport in 2016. Schiphol's
main competitors in terms of passenger traffic and cargo throughput are
London-Heathrow, Frankfurt, Paris–Charles de Gaulle, Istanbul-Atatürk and
Madrid–Barajas.
In 2010, 65.9% of passengers
using the airport flew to and from Europe, 11.7% to and from North America and
8.8% to and from Asia; cargo volume was mainly between Schiphol and Asia (45%)
and North America (17%).
In 2010, 106 carriers provided a
total of 301 destinations on a regular basis. Passenger destinations were
offered by 91 airlines. Direct (non-stop) destinations grew by 9 to a total of
274. Regular destinations serviced exclusively by full freighters
(non-passenger) grew by eight to a total of twenty-seven.
The airport is built as one large
terminal (a single-terminal concept), split into three large departure halls,
which connect again once airside. The most recent of these was completed in
1994 and expanded in 2007 with a new section, called Terminal 4, although it is
not considered a separate building. A new pier is to be opened in 2019 with a
terminal extension planned to be operational by 2023. Plans for further
terminal and gate expansion exist, including the construction of a separate new
terminal between the Zwanenburgbaan and Polderbaan runways that would end the
one-terminal concept.
Because of intense traffic and
high landing fees (due to the limit of 500,000 flights a year), some low-cost
carriers decided to move their flights to smaller airports, such as Rotterdam
The Hague Airport and Eindhoven Airport. Many low-cost carriers, such as
EasyJet and Transavia, however, continue to operate at Schiphol, using the
low-cost H pier. Lelystad Airport is currently being expanded aimed at
accommodating some of the low-cost and leisure flights currently operating out
of Schiphol, eventually taking up to 45,000 flights a year.
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